Brainstorming innovative ideas to address user needs or market gaps. Evaluating technical, financial, and market viability. Defining functional, aesthetic, and performance specifications. Initial rough layouts or sketches to outline the structure or concept. Building preliminary models to test the concept. This can range from low-fidelity (paper or digital mock-ups) to high-fidelity prototypes. Applying creative principles to ensure the product’s visual appeal and alignment with brand identity.